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Research Article

Natural Baseline Groundwater Quality in Shingwang-myeon and Heunghae-eup, Pohang, Korea

포항시 신광면 및 흥해읍 일대 지하수의 배경수질 연구

Hyun A Lee1*
,
Hyunjoo Lee2
,
Eunhye Kwon3
,
Jonghoon Park3
,
Nam C. Woo4
이 현아1*
,
이 현주2
,
권 은혜3
,
박 종훈3
,
우 남칠4
1Post-doctoral Researcher, Earth System Sciences Institute, Yonsei University
2Under-graduate Student, Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University
3Graduate Student (Ph.D Course), Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University
4Professor, Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University
1연세대학교 지구시스템과학연구소 박사후연구원
2연세대학교 지구시스템과학과 학생
3연세대학교 지구시스템과학과 박사과정
4연세대학교 지구시스템과학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2020. pp. 469-483
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Abstract

The results of long-term groundwater level and quality monitoring can be used not only as the basic data for evaluating the impact of various disasters including climate change and establishing responses, but also as key data for predicting and managing geological disasters such as earthquakes. Some countries use groundwater level and quality monitoring for researches to predict earthquakes and to assess the impacts of the earthquake disaster. However, a few cases in Korea report on individual groundwater quality factors (i.e., dissolved ions) observed before and after the earthquakes, being different from other countries. To establish the abnormality criteria for groundwater quality in Pohang, groundwater samples were collected and analyzed five times from 14 agricultural or private wells existing in Shingwang-myeon and Heunghae-eup. As a result of the analysis, it was found that Ca2+ was the dominant cation in Shingwang-myeon, while Na+ was the dominant cation in Heunghae-eup. The elevated NO3- concentration in Shingwang-myeon is contributed to the agricultural activity in the area. A high concentration of Fe was detected in a well on Heunghae-eup; the concentration exceeded the drinking water standard by nearly 100 times. Relatively higher dissolved ions were observed in the groundwater of Heunghae-eup, and it is considered as the result of the flow velocity difference and water-rock reaction accompanying the difference in bedrock and sediment characteristics. The groundwater of Shingwang-myeon appeared to be most affected by the weathering of granite and silicates, while that of Heunghae-eup was mainly affected by the weathering of silicates and carbonate. The background concentrations (baselines) of groundwater Shingwang-myeon and Heunghae-eup was identified through the survey; however, the continuous monitoring is required to monitor the possible changes and the repeatability of seasonal variation.

Keywords
groundwater quality
water quality monitoring
Pohang groundwater quality
groundwater quality baseline
abnormality criteria

지하수의 장기적인 수위 및 수질 관측 결과는 기후변화를 비롯한 다양한 재해의 영향 평가 및 대응 수립에 있어 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 뿐 아니라 지진과 같은 지질학적 재난의 예측과 관리에도 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 지진 예측과 지진으로 인한 지하수위와 수질 변동 사례를 평가한 국외와 달리 국내에서는 용존 이온의 변화와 같은 지진 전후 관측된 개별 수질 요소의 변화와 관련한 보고 사례가 적다. 이 연구에서는 지하수 수질 이상 변동의 기준을 설정하기 위해 포항시 신광면과 흥해읍에 존재하는 14개 농업용 관정에서 2018년 7월부터 5회에 걸쳐 지하수를 채취하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 신광면에서는 Ca2+가, 흥해읍에서는 Na+가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 농업 활동의 영향으로 보이는 NO3-의 우세가 신광면 지하수에서 나타났으며, 흥해읍의 한 관정에서는 음용수 기준을 100배 가까이 초과하는 높은 농도의 Fe가 검출되었다. 기반암과 퇴적 특징 차이에서 수반된 유속 차이와 물-암석 반응의 결과로 신광면에 비해 흥해읍의 지하수에서 상대적으로 높은 용존 이온 농도가 관측되었다. 물-암석 상호 반응을 고려할 때, 신광면의 지하수는 대부분 화강암과 규산염 풍화작용의 영향을, 흥해읍은 주로 규산염과 탄산염 풍화작용의 영향을 받았을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 신광면과 흥해읍의 지하수 배경 농도를 파악하였으며, 계절적으로 변이가 큰 관정에 대해서는 지속적인 모니터링을 수행할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.

키워드
지하수 수질
수질 관측
포항시 지하수 수질
지하수 배경 수질
이상 변동 판단기준
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 30
  • No :4
  • Pages :469-483
  • Received Date : 2020-10-14
  • Revised Date : 2020-12-15
  • Accepted Date : 2020-12-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2020.4.469
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