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2024 Vol.34, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Origin and Geochemical Characteristics of Cave Water in Hwanseongul Cave

환선굴 동굴수의 기원 및 지구화학적 특성

Youngyun Park1
,
Lyoun Kim2
,
Jonghee Lee3
,
Chanhyeok Jeon4
,
Heejung Kim5*
박 영윤1
,
김 련2
,
이 종희3
,
전 찬혁4
,
김 희정5*
1Research Professor, Research Institute for Earth Resources, Kangwon National University
2Senior Researcher, Cave Research Institute of Korea
3Vice Director, Cave Research Institute of Korea
4Ph.D. Student, Department of Geology, Kangwon National University
5Professor, Department of Geology, Kangwon National University
1강원대학교 지구자원연구소 연구교수
2한국동굴연구소 책임연구원
3한국동굴연구소 부소장
4강원대학교 지질학과 박사과정
5강원대학교 지질학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2024. pp. 625-636
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Abstract

We identified the origin of cave water and dissolved components using the geochemical characteristics of cave water in Hwanseongul Cave (natural monument) and evaluated the influence of agricultural activity on cave water quality. Cave water parameters were measured monthly at 20 sites in Hwanseongul Cave from November 2023 to September 2024, and the chemical compositions of cave water were analyzed. Water temperature, pH, and ORP did not differ significantly between sites, but there were substantial differences in EC values. The cave water was classified as Ca-HCO3 type, and cave water quality was controlled mainly by precipitation, water-rock interactions, and agricultural activity. The background values ​​of representative pollutants (Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) were estimated to be 5.1, 17.5, and 4.1 mg/L, respectively, and the influence of agricultural activity was evaluated using the frequency of levels higher than the background values. The cave streams on the eastern side of Hwanseongul Cave were most affected by agricultural activity, and the water droppings on the western side were affected temporarily by agricultural activity. Though ~55% of sites were affected by agricultural activity, the contamination of cave waters by agricultural activity is minor. However, the quality of cave water could deteriorate due to agricultural activity and the cave environment can also change, therefore, it is necessary to continuously evaluate the impact of agricultural activity.

Keywords
limestone cave
Hwanseongul Cave
cave water
agricultural activity
background value
contamination assessment

이 연구는 환선굴(천연기념물)의 수질특성을 이용하여 동굴수 및 용존성분의 기원을 밝히고 농업활동이 동굴수에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 수행되었다. 2023년 11월부터 2024년 9월까지 환선굴의 20개 지점에서 월별 현장수질을 측정하고 화학조성을 분석하였다. 수온, pH 및 ORP는 지점별 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, EC는 지점별 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 동굴수의 수질유형은 Ca-HCO3이며, 주로 강수, 물-암석 반응 및 농업활동에 의해 조절되었다. 용존성분 중에 대표적인 오염물질인 Cl-, NO3-, SO42-의 배경값은 각각 5.1, 17.5 및 4.1 mg/L로 산정되었으며, 배경값보다 높은 농도를 보이는 빈도를 이용하여 농업활동의 영향을 평가하였다. 환선굴 동쪽 수로가 농업활동에 의한 영향을 가장 많이 받고 있으며, 서쪽의 낙수는 일시적으로 농업활동에 의한 영향을 받는 것으로 평가되었다. 전체 지점 중에 약 55%가 농업활동에 의해서 영향을 받고 있지만, 오염이 심각하게 진행되지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 농업활동의 영향으로 인해 동굴 내부의 수질이 악화되고, 동굴환경이 변화할 수 있으므로 농업활동의 영향을 지속적으로 평가하는 것이 필요하다.

키워드
석회암동굴
환선굴
동굴수
농업활동
배경값
오염도 평가
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 34
  • No :4
  • Pages :625-636
  • Received Date : 2024-11-29
  • Revised Date : 2024-12-22
  • Accepted Date : 2024-12-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2024.4.625
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