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Research Article

Analyzing the Change of Surface Water and Groundwater Systems Caused by Tunnel Construction in Northern Ulsan City

울산시 북구 지역 터널 굴착에 의한 지표수계 및 지하수계 변화 분석

Hang-Tak Jeon1
,
Se-Yeong Hamm1*
,
Chung-Mo Lee1
,
Woo-Ri Lim1
,
Sul-Min Yun1
,
Heung-Jai Park2
전 항탁1
,
함 세영1*
,
이 충모1
,
임 우리1
,
윤 설민1
,
박 흥재2
1Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University
2Department of Environmental Engineering, Inje University
1부산대학교 지질환경과학과
2인제대학교 환경공학과
* 교신저자* Corresponding Author
March 2018. pp. 81-99
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Abstract

Excessive groundwater discharge by tunneling and tunnel operation can lead to groundwater exhaustion and ground subsidence. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate environmental impact and to establish mitigation measures of the impact related to tunnel excavation based on hydrogeological and modeling approaches. This study examined the depletion of surface reservoirs and valley water due to tunnel excavation through field survey, water quality analysis, tracer test, and groundwater modeling. As a result of field water quality test, the concentration of chemical constituents in groundwater discharge into the tunnel is slightly higher than that of valley water. By the result of laboratory water analysis, both valley water and the groundwater belong to Ca2++ HCO3- type. Tracer test that was conducted between the valley at the injection point and the tunnel, indicates valley water infiltration into the ground and flowing out to the tunnel, with maximum electrical conductance changes of 70 µS/cm in the first test and of 40 µS/cm in the second test. By groundwater modeling, the groundwater discharge rate into the tunnel during tunnel construction is estimated as 4,942 m3/day and groundwater level recovers in 3 years from the tunnel completion. As a result of particle tracking modeling, the nearest particle reaches the tunnel after 6 hours and the farthest particle reaches the tunnel after 9 hours, similarly to the case of the field trace test.

Keywords
tunnel construction
groundwater discharge
valley water
tracer test
groundwater modeling

터널 굴착에 의한 다량의 지하수 배출 그리고 터널 굴착 작업은 지하수 고갈과 지반침하를 유발한다. 그러므로, 수리지질학적 방법 및 모델링에 의해서 터널 굴착과 관련하여 환경 영향을 평가하고 영향 저감 대책을 수립하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이 연구는 야외조사, 수질분석, 추적자시험 그리고 지하수 모델링을 통하여 터널 굴착에 의한 저수지와 계곡수의 고갈을 밝히기 위한 것이다. 현장 수질분석 결과, 터널내 배출 지하수의 화학성분의 농도는 계곡수의 화학성분의 농도보다 약간 더 높다. 실내 수질분석 결과, 계곡수와 배출 지하수의 수질형은 둘 다 Ca2++ HCO3- 형이다. 계곡의 주입지점과 터널 간의 1차 및 2차 추적자시험에 의하면 계곡수가 지하로 침투하여 터널로 배출되며, 전기전도도는 1차시험에서는 70 µS/cm 그리고 2차 시험에서는 40 µS/cm로 나타났다. 지하수 모델링에 의하면, 터널 굴착 시 터널내로의 지하수 배출량은 4,942 m3/일이며, 터널 완공 후 3년이 경과하면 지하수위는 원래 상태로 회복되는 것으로 산정된다. 입자추적 모델링에 의하면, 터널에 가장 가까운 입자는 주입 후 6시간 만에 그리고 가장 먼 입자는 9시간 만에 터널에 도달하는 것으로 산정되었으며, 이 결과는 야외 추적자시험 결과와 비슷하다.

키워드
터널공사
지하수 유출
계곡수
추적자시험
지하수모델링
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 28
  • No :1
  • Pages :81-99
  • Received Date : 2018-02-26
  • Revised Date : 2018-03-15
  • Accepted Date : 2018-03-20
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2018.1.081
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