Variations of Temperature, Chemical Component and Helium Gas of Geothermal Water by Earthquake Events in Pohang Area

Yong Cheon Lee; Chan Ho Jeong; Yu Jin Lee; Young-Seog Kim; Tae-Seob Kang

doi:10.9720/kseg.2021.4.647

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2021 Vol.31, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Variations of Temperature, Chemical Component and Helium Gas of Geothermal Water by Earthquake Events in Pohang Area 포항 지열수의 지진에 의한 수온, 화학성분 및 헬륨가스의 변화

31 December 2021. pp. 647-658

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Abstract

In this study, the change of temperature, chemical composition, and helium gas of thermal water in Pohang area was observed from January 2018 to June 2019 in order to interpret the relationship with earthquake events. During observation period earthquakes above M 2.0 within 100 km in a radius from a geothermal well occurred 58 including two earthquake events with a magnitude of 3.0~3.9 and two earthquake events with a magnitude of 4.0~4.9. We introduce a q-factor and earthquake effectiveness (ε) to express the influence of each earthquake as magnitude and distance factors. The geothermal well of 715 m deep was developed in the Bulguksa biotite granite, and the water temperature was observed in the variation from 51.8 to 56.3°C during monitoring period. At M 4.1 and M 4.6 earthquake events, the increase of geothermal water temperature (ΔT 2.6~4.5°C) was recorded, and slight change in specific ionic components such as SO₄ and Cl, and of chemical types on the Piper diagram were observed. In the ³He/⁴He vs ⁴He/²⁰Ne diagram, the original mixing ratio of helium isotope before and after the magnitude 4.1 earthquake was slightly changed from 83.0% to 83.2% of crust-origin ⁴He, and the from 16.3% to 16.7% of mantle-origin ³He. Hot-cold water mixing ratio before and after earthquakes by using the quartz and chalcedony solubility curves of the silica-enthalpy mixing model was calculated to interpret the temperature change of geothermal water. The model calculation shows the increase of 6.93~7.72% and 1.65~4.94% of hot water ratio at E1 and E2 earthquakes, respectively. Conclusively, the magnitude of earthquake for observable change in the temperature and helium isotope of thermal water is of 4.1 or higher and q-factor value of 30.0 or higher in the study site.

Keywords

thermal water

water temperature

helium gas

silica-enthalpy mixing model

q-factor

본 연구는 지진발생에 따른 지열수의 수온, 화학성분, 헬륨가스 성분 변화를 알아보기 위하여 포항 신광지역 지열수를 대상으로 2018년 1월부터 2019년 6월까지 추적 관찰하였다. 연구기간 중 지열수 관측정 100 km 이내 규모 2.0 이상 지진은 총 58회이며, 그 중 규모 3.0~3.9의 지진은 2회, 규모 4.0~4.9의 지진은 2회가 발생하였다. 지열수에 미치는 지진의 영향력을 지진규모와 진앙-지열수공 거리를 반영한 q-factor와 earthquake effectiveness(ε)값으로 변환하여 지진영향지수로 사용하였다. 지열수공은 불국사 흑운모화강암지질로 심도 715 m 온천공으로 관측기간 중 수온은 51.8~56.3°C 범위에서 변동이 확인되었으며, 규모 4.1, 4.6 지진발생 시 뚜렷한 수온 상승(ΔT 2.6~4.5°C)이 관찰되었고, SO₄, Cl과 같은 특정 이온성분의 변화와 파이퍼도 상에서의 화학적 유형의 미세한 변화가 관찰되었다. 지열수의 헬륨의 변화는 규모 4.1 지진 전후 헬륨가스의 기원별 혼합을 보여주는 ³He/⁴He vs. ⁴He/²⁰Ne 관계도에서 지각 기원의 ⁴He의 값이 83.0%에서 83.2%로 미세하게 증가하였고 맨틀 기원의 ³He은 16.3%에서 16.7%으로 미세한 증가를 보였다. 지열수의 온도변화에 따른 실리카-엔탈피 혼합모델의 석영 및 칼세도니 용해도 곡선을 이용하여 지진으로 인한 열수-냉수 혼합비를 계산한 결과, E1, E2 지진발생 후 열수의 비가 각각 6.9~7.72%, 1.65~4.94% 증가하는 것으로 계산되었다. 지열수의 온도와 헬륨가스가 관측될 정도의 변화를 유발하는 지진은 규모 4.1 이상, 유효 q-factor 값은 30.0 이상으로 확인되었다.

키워드

지열수

수온

헬륨가스

지진

실리카-엔탈피 혼합모델

q-factor

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Information

Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
Volume : 31
No :4
Pages :647-658
Received Date : 2021-12-10
Revised Date : 2021-12-13
Accepted Date : 2021-12-14
DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2021.4.647

The Journal of Engineering Geology ISSN:1226-5268(Print) 2287-7169(Online) 지질공학

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