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Research Article

The Dynamic Behavior of Soft Ground Reinforced with Gravel Compaction Piles

쇄석다짐말뚝 보강에 따른 연약지반의 동적 거동특성 분석

Seob Lee1
,
Hyeok Seo2
,
Daehyeon Kim3*
이 섭1
,
서 혁2
,
김 대현3*
1Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Chosun University
2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Honam University
3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chosun University
1조선대학교 토목공학과 박사과정
2호남대학교 토목환경공학과 조교수
3조선대학교 토목공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2025. pp. 211-224
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Abstract

We investigated the dynamic behavior of soft ground reinforced with gravel compaction pile (GCP) using 1 g shake table models. We constructed both unreinforced and GCP-reinforced experimental models with accelerometers installed at multiple depths to measure acceleration under various seismic inputs. A total of five ground motion patterns were applied: the Ōfunato, Hachinohe, Gyeongju, and Pohang waves and an artificial wave. We analyzed peak ground acceleration (PGA) to evaluate the amplification characteristics and used response spectra to assess the reinforcement effects quantitatively. The PGA analysis revealed that the mean amplification ratio between the base and the top of the unreinforced models was 61.57%. When GCP reinforcement was applied, the amplification ratio decreased to >41.23%, representing a maximum reduction of 20.34%. The mean acceleration amplification factor between the lowermost and uppermost sensors in the unreinforced models was ~1.68, which was reduced to >1.20 in the reinforced models. Furthermore, spectral acceleration analysis showed a maximum response reduction of 26.70% after reinforcement, with greater effects observed for seismic waves containing mid- to long-period components. These results demonstrate experimentally that GCP reinforcement is effective in controlling the dynamic response of soft ground and can serve as a practical seismic foundation reinforcement method in real-world applications.

Keywords
gravel compaction pile (GCP)
1g shaking table test
soft ground
peak ground acceleration (PGA)
response spectrum

본 연구는 쇄석다짐말뚝(gravel compaction pile, GCP) 보강이 연약지반의 동적 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 1g 진동대 실내모형실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 무보강 지반과 GCP로 보강된 지반을 대상으로 구성하였으며, 각 위치에 가속도계를 매설하여 다양한 지진하중 하에서의 가속도 응답을 계측하였다. 입력지진파는 Ofunato, Hachinohe, 경주, 포항, 인공지진파 총 5가지를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 계측된 데이터를 기반으로 최대지반가속도(peak ground acceleration, PGA)를 분석하였고, 지반 상 ‧ 하부 간 가속도 증폭률 및 응답스펙트럼을 통해 GCP 보강의 효과를 정량적으로 평가하였다. PGA 분석 결과, 무보강 지반의 상부 대비 하부 평균 증폭률은 약 61.57%였으며, GCP 보강이 적용된 경우 최소 41.23%까지 감소하여 최대 20.34%의 증폭 억제 효과가 확인되었다. 상 ‧ 하부 가속도 증폭비 역시 무보강 상태에서 평균 약 1.68배였던 반면, 보강 시에는 최소 1.20배까지 감소하였다. 응답스펙트럼 분석에서도 보강 전 대비 최대 26.70%의 응답 감소가 관찰되었으며, 특히 중 ‧ 장주기 성분을 갖는 지진파에서 보강 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이 결과는 GCP 보강이 연약지반의 동적 거동 제어에 효과적이며, 실제 구조물의 내진 설계에 실질적인 기초 보강 수단으로 적용될 수 있음을 실험적으로 검증한 것이다.

키워드
쇄석다짐말뚝
1g 진동대
연약지반
최대지반가속도
응답스펙트럼
References
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10.1061/AJGEB6.0000453
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 35
  • No :2
  • Pages :211-224
  • Received Date : 2025-04-07
  • Revised Date : 2025-06-20
  • Accepted Date : 2025-06-25
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2025.2.211
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