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2022 Vol.32, Issue 3 Preview Page

Research Article

Application of Dimensional Expansion and Reduction to Earthquake Catalog for Machine Learning Analysis

기계학습 분석을 위한 차원 확장과 차원 축소가 적용된 지진 카탈로그

Jinsu Jang1
,
Byung-Dal So2*
장 진수1
,
소 병달2*
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Geophysics, Kangwon National University
2Associate Professor, Department of Geophysics, Kangwon National University
1강원대학교 지구물리학과 박사과정
2강원대학교 지구물리학과 부교수
*Corresponding Author
30 September 2022. pp. 377-388
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Abstract

Recently, several studies have utilized machine learning to efficiently and accurately analyze seismic data that are exponentially increasing. In this study, we expand earthquake information such as occurrence time, hypocentral location, and magnitude to produce a dataset for applying to machine learning, reducing the dimension of the expended data into dominant features through principal component analysis. The dimensional extended data comprises statistics of the earthquake information from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog containing 36,699 seismic events. We perform data preprocessing using standard and max-min scaling and extract dominant features with principal components analysis from the scaled dataset. The scaling methods significantly reduced the deviation of feature values caused by different units. Among them, the standard scaling method transforms the median of each feature with a smaller deviation than other scaling methods. The six principal components extracted from the non-scaled dataset explain 99% of the original data. The sixteen principal components from the datasets, which are applied with standardization or max-min scaling, reconstruct 98% of the original datasets. These results indicate that more principal components are needed to preserve original data information with even distributed feature values. We propose a data processing method for efficient and accurate machine learning model to analyze the relationship between seismic data and seismic behavior.

Keywords
earthquake catalog
machine learning
dimensional expansion
feature scaling
dimensional reduction
feature extraction

최근, 다수의 연구가 지수적으로 증가하는 지진 자료를 효율적이고 정확하게 처리하기 위해 기계학습을 활용하고 있다. 본 연구는 지진의 발생 시간, 위치, 규모의 정보를 확장하여 기계학습에 적용 가능한 자료를 제작한 후, 주성분 분석을 통해 추출한 자료의 주요 성분으로 자료의 차원을 축소하였다. 차원이 확장된 자료는 36,699개의 지진 사건을 포함하는 Global Centroid Moment Tensor 카탈로그로부터 얻은 지진 정보의 통계량으로 구성되었다. 표준화와 최대-최소화 스케일링을 활용하여 자료 전처리를 수행하였으며, 스케일링이 완료된 자료에 주성분 분석을 적용하여 자료의 주요 특징을 추출하였다. 스케일링은 상이한 단위로 인한 특징 값의 차이를 현저히 감소시켰으며, 그 중 표준화는 다른 전처리에 비해서 각 특징의 중앙값을 더 균등하게 변환하였다. 주성분 분석이 스케일링이 적용되지 않은 자료로부터 추출한 여섯 개의 주성분은 원본 자료의 정보를 99% 설명하였다. 표준화와 최대-최소 스케일링이 적용된 자료로부터 추출한 열여섯 개의 주성분은 원본 자료의 정보의 98%를 재구성하였다. 이는 특징 값의 분포가 균등한 자료의 정보를 보존하기 위해서는 더 많은 주성분이 필요함을 지시한다. 본 연구는 지진 데이터와 지진 거동과의 관계를 분석하는 효율적이고 정확한 기계 학습 모형을 훈련시키기 위한 데이터 처리 방법을 제안하였다.

키워드
지진 카탈로그
기계학습
차원 확장
자료 스케일링
차원 축소
특징 추출
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 32
  • No :3
  • Pages :377-388
  • Received Date : 2022-09-13
  • Revised Date : 2022-09-23
  • Accepted Date : 2022-09-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2022.3.377
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