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Special Articles

Comparison of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration over the Arctic Ocean in Two Reanalysis Datasets

북극 해역에서의 재분석 자료 간 해수면온도와 해빙 농도의 특성 비교 분석

Chaeyun Kim1
,
Sungwoo Park2
,
Sungwon Choi3
,
Daeseong Jung4
,
Suyoung Sim4
,
Jongho Woo4
,
Seungwon Kim5
,
Seungkyoo Lee5
,
Kyung-Soo Han6*
김 채윤1
,
박 성우2
,
최 성원3
,
정 대성4
,
심 수영4
,
우 종호4
,
김 승원5
,
이 승규5
,
한 경수6*
1Master Student, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
2Combined MS/PhD Student, Major of Spatial Information Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
3Research Professor, Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, Pukyong National University
4PhD Candidate, Major of Spatial Information Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
5Master Student, Major of Spatial Information Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
6Professor, Major of Spatial Information Engineering, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
1국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 석사과정생
2국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 공간정보시스템공학전공 석/박사통합과정생
3국립부경대학교 산학협력단 연구교수
4국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 공간정보시스템공학전공 박사수료생
5국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 공간정보시스템공학전공 석사과정생
6국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 공간정보시스템공학전공 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 619-627
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Abstract

The Arctic region is experiencing Arctic amplification because the sea surface temperature (SST) is warming approximately four times faster than the global average and the sea ice concentration (SIC) is declining. However, the complex environmental conditions and limited in situ observations in polar regions result in high uncertainties in satellite-based monitoring, underscoring the need for inter-comparison studies among Level-4 (L4) datasets. This study investigates SST and SIC characteristics in the Arctic Ocean north of 58°N, focusing on the 0–50% SIC range, by comparing the Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) and L4 Arctic Ocean datasets for the period 1988–2022. Results show that both datasets exhibit long-term trends of SST warming and SIC decline; however, a clear difference is apparent, particularly in the SIC 15–50% range with significant sea ice influence, where the CMEMS-L4 data show a stronger warming trend and a SIC decrease rate that is approximately twice as high as that obtained from the OISST data. Spatial analysis revealed that CMEMS-L4 data show SST warming and SIC decline in the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), while OISST shows the opposite trends in parts of the Greenland Sea MIZ region. Furthermore, CMEMS-L4 data show greater variability across the entire SIC range compared with OISST. These results suggest that differences in data fusion methods and sea ice processing techniques in polar regions can cause significant discrepancies even within identical spatiotemporal domains, thereby highlighting the need for appropriate data preprocessing and selection that is tailored to the research objectives.

Keywords
Arctic
sea surface temperature
sea ice concentration
OISST
L4 Arctic Ocean

북극 지역은 전 지구 평균 대비 약 4배 빠른 해수면온도(sea surface temperature, SST) 상승과 해빙 농도(sea ice concentration, SIC) 감소로 인한 북극 증폭 현상이 나타나고 있으나, 복잡한 환경 조건과 관측 자료 부족으로 위성 기반 Level-4 (L4) 자료 간 비교 연구가 요구된다. 본 연구는 1988년부터 2022년까지 위도 58° 이상, 해빙 농도 0–50% 범위의 북극 해역에서 Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST)와 L4 Arctic Ocean 자료의 SST 및 SIC를 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, 두 자료 모두 장기적으로 SST 상승과 SIC 감소 경향을 보였으나, 특히 해빙의 영향이 큰 SIC 15–50% 구간에서 CMEMS-L4 자료의 온난화 경향이 OISST보다 뚜렷했으며, SIC 감소율 또한 CMEMS-L4가 OISST에 비해 약 2배 빠르게 나타나는 등의 차이를 보였다. 공간적으로는 CMEMS-L4 자료가 Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ)에서 SST 상승과 SIC 감소를 나타낸 반면, OISST는 Greenland Sea 일부 MIZ에서 상반된 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 CMEMS-L4는 OISST 대비 전 SIC 범위에서 변동성이 크게 나타났다. 이는 극지방에서 자료 결합 방식 및 해빙 처리 기법의 차이가 동일한 시공간에서도 큰 불일치를 유발할 수 있음을 시사하며, 연구 목적에 적합한 자료 전처리 및 선택이 필수적임을 강조한다.

키워드
북극
해수면온도
해빙 농도
OISST
L4 Arctic Ocean
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 35
  • No :4
  • Pages :619-627
  • Received Date : 2025-10-20
  • Revised Date : 2025-11-18
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2025.4.619
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