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Special Articles

Prediction of Surface Temperature in an Urban Area Using a GIS-Based Energy Balance Model

GIS 기반 에너지 균형 모델을 이용한 도시 지역 표면 온도 예측 연구

Hyun-Ji Lee1
,
Hyeon-Jong Lee1
,
Dasom Mun2
,
Dayeon Kim3
,
Hwi-Rin Kim3
,
Saeha Kim3
,
Ye-Seung Do3
,
Yun-Kyo Moon3
,
Dong-Min Son3
,
Seung-Hun Lee3
,
Ah-Yeon Jeon3
,
Yu-Rim Hwang3
,
Jae-Jin Kim4*
이 현지1
,
이 현종1
,
문 다솜2
,
김 다연3
,
김 새하3
,
김 휘린3
,
도 예승3
,
문 윤교3
,
손 동민3
,
이 승훈3
,
전 아연3
,
황 유림3
,
김 재진4*
1Master Student, Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
2PhD Student, Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
3Student, Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
4Professor, Major of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Division of Earth Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
1국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 환경대기과학전공 석사과정연구생
2국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 환경대기과학전공 박사과정연구생
3국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 환경대기과학전공 학부생
4국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 환경대기과학전공 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 601-617
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Abstract

We validated CitySim predictions of urban building surface temperature against field observations acquired with infrared thermography on the Environmental and Oceanic Sciences Complex at Pukyong National University (Busan, Korea). A three-dimensional GIS-based building model with detailed facade material properties was constructed and used to define boundary conditions for CitySim simulations. Meteorological inputs comprised LDAPS (Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System) shortwave radiation; wind speed and direction from a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer; and air temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and relative humidity from nearby AWS/ASOS stations. Surface temperatures were observed on eight campaign days between March and May 2025 from 09:00 to 18:00, covering east-, west-, south-, and north-facing facades and the roof. The simulations reproduced the diurnal evolution of surface temperature on most days, but exhibited orientation-dependent biases. In the real building, shade and occlusion by adjacent buildings and vegetation produced strong spatial heterogeneity in direct solar irradiance, which was the primary source of discrepancies between the model and observations. The smallest differences occurred on the north-facing facade, which received limited direct solar radiation, whereas the largest differences appeared on the east-facing facade where shade from vegetation was most pronounced. These results demonstrate that combining infrared thermography with CitySim simulations is a practical approach for assessing the urban thermal environment and informing building-scale energy-management strategies in complex microclimates.

Keywords
CitySim model
building surface temperature
infrared thermal imaging camera
GIS
building facade materials

본 연구에서는 CitySim 모델을 활용하여 도시 지역의 건물 표면 온도를 예측하고, 적외선 열화상 카메라를 이용한 현장 측정 결과와 비교하여 모델의 예측 정확성을 검증하였다. 이를 위해, 국립 부경대학교 환경해양관을 대상으로 적외선 열화상 카메라를 이용해 건물 표면 온도를 측정하고, 에너지 균형 기반의 CitySim 모델을 활용하여 표면 온도를 수치적으로 모의하였다. GIS 기반의 3차원 건물 형상과 외피 재질 정보를 구축하여 수치 모델의의 지표 경계 조건으로 사용하였다. 기상 경계 조건은 LDAPS 태양 복사 자료와 3차원 초음파 풍속계에서 측정한 풍속과 풍향, AWS와 ASOS에서 관측한 기온, 강수, 운량, 상대 습도 관측 자료를 이용하였다. 표면 온도 측정은 2025년 3–5월 동안 총 7회(09:00–18:00)에 걸쳐 건물의 동·서·남·북·지붕면을 대상으로 수행하였다. 측정 자료는 CitySim 모델의 결과와 비교·검증하였다. CitySim 모델은 대부분 측정일의 표면 온도 일변화 경향을 잘 재현하였으며, 건물 표면의 방위에 따라 특징적인 편향이 나타났다. 실제 건물 환경에서는 주변 건물과 구조물의 차폐로 인해 직달 일사 조건의 공간적 이질성이 크게 나타났는데, 이는 수치 모델과 측정 간의 편차를 결정하는 주요 요인으로 확인되었다. 북쪽면은 일조 시간이 짧아 모델-측정 차이가 가장 작았고, 수목의 영향이 크게 작용한 동쪽면에서 오차가 가장 크게 나타났다. 복잡한 도시 미기후를 대상으로 수행한 열화상 측정과 CitySim 모의는 향후 도시 열환경 평가와 에너지 관리 전략 수립에 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

키워드
CitySim 모델
건물 표면온도
열화상 적외선 카메라
GIS
건물 표면 재질
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 35
  • No :4
  • Pages :601-617
  • Received Date : 2025-11-24
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-11
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-22
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2025.4.601
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