All Issue

2025 Vol.35, Issue 4 Preview Page

Special Articles

Spatial Relationships between Modern Flood Vulnerability and Historical River Levees Based on Hydrological Modeling: A Case Study of the Nam River (Jinju Daegyo–Sangpyeonggyo Reach, Korea)

수문모델링 기반 근대 하천제방과 현대 홍수 취약성의 공간적 관계: 남강 진주대교–상평교 구간 사례 연구

Jeongyun Kim1
,
Soo Hyun Kim1
,
Junghyung Ryu2*
김 정윤1
,
김 수현1
,
류 중형2*
1Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED), Pukyong National University
2Assistant Professor, Department of Oceanography, Division of Earth and Environmental System Sciences, Pukyong National University
1국립부경대학교 G-Lamp SEED 박사후 연구원
2국립부경대학교 지구환경시스템과학부 해양학전공 조교수
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 575-588
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study evaluates whether colonial-era levee placement along the Nam River (Jinju, Korea) corresponded with hydraulically high-energy zones identified through modern modeling. A steady-flow HEC-RAS 6.7 model was constructed using four design flood frequencies (50-, 80-, 100-, and 200-year return periods). Model outputs—velocity and stream power—were analyzed in GIS and compared with georeferenced 1910s 1:50,000 topographic maps indicating historical levee locations. Results show strong spatial agreement between modeled high-energy zones and levee-protected reaches, particularly along outer bends and channel constrictions. Areas lacking levees corresponded to low-energy geomorphic settings such as inner bends and former floodplain surfaces. Notably, modern flood-prone zones in Sangpyeong-dong overlap with historical levee gaps and persistent hydraulic hotspots. The findings suggest that early levee construction, despite limited analytical tools, reflected accurate recognition of river dynamics. The integrated use of historical cartography and contemporary hydraulic modeling demonstrates a framework for linking historical engineering decisions with present-day urban flood risk.

Keywords
1910s levee
stream power
historical GIS
HEC-RAS
Nam River
flood risk

본 연구는 일제강점기 시기 남강(진주, 한국) 제방 배치가 현대 수문 모델링을 통해 확인된 고에너지 수리 구간과 일치하는지를 평가하였다. 이를 위해 50년·80년·100년·200년 빈도 홍수 조건을 적용한 정류 흐름 HEC-RAS 6.7 모형을 구축하였다. 모형에서 산출된 유속과 하천 에너지(stream power)는 GIS 기반으로 분석되었으며, 역사적 제방 위치가 표기된 1910년대 1:50,000 축척 지형도를 지리참조하여 공간적으로 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 모의 된 고에너지 구간과 제방이 설치된 구간은 특히 곡류 외측 및 하천 협착부에서 강한 공간적 일치를 보였다. 반면, 제방이 없는 지역은 곡류 내측이나 과거 범람원과 같은 저에너지 지형 조건과 대응하였다. 주목할 점은, 상평동 일대의 현대 홍수 취약 지역이 과거 제방 공백 구간 및 지속적인 수리학적 hotspot과 중첩된다는 사실이다. 이러한 결과는 당시 제방 건설이 제한된 분석 도구에도 불구하고 하천 동역학을 인식한 판단이었음을 시사한다. 또한 역사적 지도 자료와 현대 수리 모델링을 통합적으로 활용함으로써, 과거의 공학적 의사결정과 현재 도시 홍수 리스크를 연결하는 새로운 분석 틀을 제시한다.

키워드
1910년대 제방
스트림 파워(stream power)
역사 GIS
남강
홍수 위험도
References
1

Afshari, S., Tavakoly, A.A., Rajib, M.A., Zheng, X., Follum, M.L., Omranian, E., Fekete, B.M., 2018, Comparison of new generation low-complexity flood inundation mapping tools with a hydrodynamic model, Journal of Hydrology, 556, 539-556.

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.11.036
2

Brunner, G.W., 2016, HEC-RAS, River analysis system hydraulic reference manual, Version 5.0, CPD-69, US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center, 1-538.

3

Jun, S.M., Kang, M.S., Song, I., Hwang, S.H., Kim, K.U., Park, J., 2013, Effects of agricultural reservoir rehabilitation on their flood control capacities, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 55(6), 57-68 (in Korean with English abstract).

10.5389/KSAE.2013.55.6.057
4

Jun, S.M., Song, J.H., Choi, S.K., Lee, K.D., Kang, M.S., 2018, Combined 1D/2D inundation simulation of riverside farmland using HEC-RAS, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 60(5), 135-147 (in Korean with English abstract).

10.5389/KSAE.2018.60.5.135
5

Kim, H.K., Kang, M.S., Song, I., Hwang, S.H., Park, J., Song, J.H., Kim, J.H., 2012, Flood inundation analysis in a low-lying rural area using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 54(2), 1-6 (in Korean with English abstract).

10.5389/KSAE.2012.54.2.001
6

Kim, S.J., Kim, G.T., Jeong, J.H., Han, S.O., 2013, Flood inundation scenario development and analysis using HEC-HMS/RAS and HEC-GeoRAS models, Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 13(4), 199-205 (in Korean with English abstract).

10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.4.199
7

K-water (Korea Water Resources Corporation), 2013, Revised river master plan for the Nam River, Prepared for the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT), 1-385 (in Korean).

8

Kwon, J.B., 2007, The shift in river management policy and paradigm in Korea, Planning and Policy, 2(3), 2-3 (in Korean with English abstract).

9

Kwon, S., 2013, A study on the change of Daejeon as a modern city through the irrigation facility ‘Bo’ from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Journal of Cultural and Historical Geography, 25(3), 79-98 (in Korean with English abstract).

10

Lee, H., 2024, The landscape changes in the Dodong area, Jinju City and the development of a geographical fieldwork program, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 59(2), 268-282 (in Korean with English abstract).

10.22776/kgs.2024.59.2.268
11

Lee, S., 2019, Major issues and policy directions for river management in response to national land environmental changes, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), 1-6 (in Korean).

12

NGII (National Geographic Information Institute), 2024, Digital topographic map, Retrieved from https://map.ngii.go.kr/ms/map/NlipMap.do (in Korean).

13

Park, T., Lee, M., 2013, Development directions for river policy considering changes in river management paradigms, KRIHS Policy Brief No. 437, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 1-6 (in Korean).

14

Shin, S.B., Kang, M.S., Jun, S.M., Song, J.H., Kim, K.U., Ryu, J.H., Park, J., Lee, D.G., Lee, K.D., 2016, Estimating ungauged river section for flood stage analysis, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, 58(5), 11-18 (in Korean with English abstract).

10.5389/KSAE.2016.58.5.011
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 35
  • No :4
  • Pages :575-588
  • Received Date : 2025-12-02
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-25
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2025.4.575
Journal Informaiton The Journal of Engineering Geology The Journal of Engineering Geology
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close