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Research Article

Comparison of Three Methods for Analyzing Falling-Head Permeameter Test Data

변수두 투수시험 자료에 대한 3가지 분석 방법 비교

Bong-Joo Lee1*
이 봉주1*
1Principal Researcher, Groundwater Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources
1한국지질자원연구원 지하수환경연구센터 책임연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 March 2025. pp. 81-93
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Abstract

The vertical hydraulic conductivity of submerged sediments is a crucial parameter for evaluating and understanding the interaction between groundwater and surface water. This study conducted falling-head permeameter tests under laboratory and field conditions and compared the vertical hydraulic conductivity values obtained using the Chen, Genereux, and Lee methods. The vertical hydraulic conductivity determined by the Chen method, which uses head measurements relative to the sand tank water level, is significantly influenced by the direction and magnitude of vertical water flow within the sand tank. In contrast, the results from the Genereux and Lee methods remained relatively consistent, regardless of the direction and magnitude of vertical water flow. A limitation of the Chen method is that the head measurements do not reflect the actual pressure head acting on the upper part of the permeameter during the test. However, when the actual pressure head, referenced to the pre-test initial water level at the sediment column in the permeameter, is applied as in the Genereux method, the resulting vertical hydraulic conductivity values closely align with those obtained using the Genereux method. These findings suggest that the unknown m value in the Genereux method, which represents the square root of the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, does not significantly affect the determination of vertical hydraulic conductivity. The Lee method is advantageous because it does not require the m value or initial water level measurements in the permeameter. However, a problem with the Lee method is that the water level at the lower end of the sediment column in the permeameter is often close to the surface water level, which causes accuracy problems in water level measurements and reduces the reliability of the vertical hydraulic conductivity results.

Keywords
vertical hydraulic conductivity
groundwater-surface water interaction
falling-head permeameter test

지표수 퇴적물의 수직 수리전도도는 지하수와 지표수 간 상호작용을 평가하고 이해하는 데 필수적인 변수이다. 이 연구에서는 실험실 현장 조건에서 변수두 투수시험을 수행하고, 그 결과를 Chen, Genereux, Lee 방법으로 분석하여 구한 수직 수리전도도 값을 비교하였다. 모래수조 수위를 기준한 수위 측정값을 적용하는 Chen 방법에 의한 수직 수리전도도는 모래수조 내 물의 수직 흐름의 방향과 크기에 크게 영향을 받는다. 반면 Genereux와 Lee 방법에 의한 결과들은 모래수조 내 물의 수직 흐름 방향과 크기에 무관하게 대체로 일정한 값을 유지했다. Chen 방법에 의한 수직 수리전도도 결정에 있어서의 문제점은 수위 측정값이 변수두 투수시험동안 퍼미아미터 상단부에 작용되는 실제의 가압수두를 반영하지 못하는 데 있는 것으로 판단되며, Genereux 방법에서와 같이 퍼미아미터 내 퇴적물 상단부의 시험 전 안정수위를 기준하여 측정한 수위를 가압수두로 하여 구한 수직 수리전도도 값들은 Genereux 방법에 의한 결과와 근사한 차이를 보인다. 이러한 결과는 Genereux 방법에서 요구되는 수직 및 수평 수리전도도 비율의 제곱근을 나타내는 미지의 변수 m 값이 수직 수리전도도 결정에 크게 영향을 미치지 않음을 지시한다. Lee 방법은 수리전도도 계산에 m 값을 필요로 하지 않을 뿐 아니라 퇴적물 상단부의 안정수위 측정이 요구되지 않는다는 점에서 다른 방법에 비해 수리전도도 산출에 유리한 방법으로 평가되나, 퍼미아미터 내 퇴적물 하단부의 수위가 지표수위 근처에 형성되어 야기되는 수위 측정 정확도 문제는 수직 수리전도도의 신뢰도를 떨어뜨리는 문제점이 확인된다.

키워드
>수직 수리전도도
지하수-지표수 상호작용
변수두 투수시험
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 35
  • No :1
  • Pages :81-93
  • Received Date : 2025-01-09
  • Revised Date : 2025-03-20
  • Accepted Date : 2025-03-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2025.1.081
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