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2025 Vol.35, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

Experimental Study on the Structural Vulnerability Evaluation of Masonry House under Debris Impact and Proposed Reinforcement Condition

실증실험 기반 토사재해에 따른 조적조 주택의 구조적 취약성 평가 및 보강 설계조건 제안

HyoSung Song1
,
SeungJae Lee2
,
JaeJung Kim3
,
Dugkeun Park4
,
YoungHak Lee1*
송 효성1
,
이 승재2
,
김 재정3
,
박 덕근4
,
이 영학1*
1Senior Researcher, Disaster Safety Experiment Center, National Disaster Management Research Institute
2Researcher, Disaster Safety Experiment Center, National Disaster Management Research Institute
3Research Officer, Disaster Safety Experiment Center, National Disaster Management Research Institute
4Senior DRM Specialist, Disaster Safety Experiment Center, National Disaster Management Research Institute
1국립재난안전연구원 재난안전실험센터 선임연구원
2국립재난안전연구원 재난안전실험센터 연구원
3국립재난안전연구원 재난안전실험센터 시설연구사
4국립재난안전연구원 재난안전실험센터 시설연구관
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 799-809
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Abstract

Recent intense convective rainfall events have triggered an increasing number of slope disasters, underscoring the critical need to enhance the structural integrity of unreinforced concrete (URC) buildings located in mountainous regions. In this study, focusing on unreinforced masonry buildings, we utilized NDMI’s steep-slope simulator to assess impact pressures generated when sliding soil masses, moving at an approximate velocity of 4.6 m/s, collided with the structures. The impact forces were measured using load cells installed at the foundation, central wall, and side walls of the building models. The experimental results revealed that structural failure initiated at the lower portion (0.2–0.4 m) of the central wall under an impact pressure of approximately 67 kPa, subsequently propagating to the side walls and roof, exhibiting a progressive collapse behavior. In contrast, the foundation exhibited no structural damage even under a high impact pressure of 162 kPa, while a peak impact pressure of approximately 207 kPa was recorded at a height of 0.6 m on the side wall following the collapse of the central wall. These results provide empirical evidence that the structural vulnerability at the lower section of the central wall in unreinforced masonry buildings serves as a critical trigger for progressive collapse. This underscores the importance of prioritizing structural resistance reinforcement at the lower wall segments in future strengthening and design strategies. Based on these findings, this study established reinforcement design conditions intended for use as protective measures for buildings located in areas without check dams or in regions prone to debris-related disasters. Two reinforcement methods were proposed: a reinforced masonry attachment wall method designed to enhance structural resistance against landslides and steep-slope failures, and a debris-deflecting bent-wall system designed to reduce impact forces and redirect debris during debris-flow events. The results of this study are expected to serve as fundamental data for developing a road map of structural countermeasures focusing on disaster resilience and for formulating detailed design criteria in future research.

Keywords
slope failure
large-scale model test
unreinforced masonry house
collapse mechanism
impact force

최근 국지성 집중호우로 인한 토사재해가 빈번하게 발생하면서, 산지 인근에 위치한 비보강 콘크리트(unreinforced concrete, URC) 건축물의 구조적 안전성 개선이 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 URC 건축물 중에서도 무보강 조적조 건축물을 대상으로 국립재난안전연구원(NDMI)의 대형 급경사지 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 약 4.6 m/s의 속도로 슬라이딩된 토사가 건축물에 충돌 시 기초부, 중앙벽체, 측벽에 설치된 로드셀에 의한 충격압을 계측하였다. 실험 결과, 중앙벽체 하단(H: 0.2–0.4 m)에서 약 67 kPa의 충격압에 붕괴가 시작되었고, 이후 측벽과 지붕으로 확장되는 진행성 붕괴 특성을 나타냈다. 반면, 기초부는 162 kPa의 높은 충격압에도 구조적 손상을 보이지 않았고, 중앙벽체 붕괴 이후 측벽(H: 0.6 m)에서 최대 207 kPa의 충격압이 기록되었다. 이러한 결과는 무보강 조적조 건축물의 중앙벽체 하단부가 전체 붕괴를 유도하는 주요 요인임을 실증적으로 보여주며, 향후 보강 설계 시 건축물의 하단부 벽체를 중심으로 저항력 확보가 우선되어야 함을 시사한다. 이러한 결과를 토대로, 본 연구에서는 사방댐이 설치되지 않은 지역 또는 토사재해 위험이 높은 지역에 위치한 건축물의 보호수단으로 활용하기 위한 주택의 보강 설계조건을 확립하였다. 보강방식은 산사태와 급경사지 붕괴 대응을 위한 보강 조적조 벽체공법과 토석류 대응을 위한 꺾임형 담장공법으로 각각 설계 구조를 모식도로 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 향후 재해 대응 중심의 구조적 대책 로드맵 수립 및 세부설계기준 정립을 위한 공학적 근거로서 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
토사재해
대형 급경사지 시뮬레이터
무보강 조적조 건축물
붕괴 메커니즘
충격압
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Engineering Geology
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한지질공학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Engineering Geology
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지질공학
  • Volume : 35
  • No :4
  • Pages :799-809
  • Received Date : 2025-11-11
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-24
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2025.4.799
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